作者：bake

程式

//'5.1'指定樣式替換的結果
$session_name = $session_txt['5.1'];
echo $session_name."<br>";


	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   PHP的常規表示式並不影響到他們所處理的字串內容，而是根據所給的<br>
   樣式和字串傳回一新的字串，因此需要一個新的變數來接它。
   
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'5.9'檢驗網頁傳送的資料
$session_name = $session_txt['5.9'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

@exec (escapeshellcmd ($input),$output);

if (!@empty ($name)){
	die ("You have to supply Your name");
}
	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   exec (esecapeshellcmd (\$input),\$output)會跳脫所有的<br>
   shell萬用字元，讓使用者輸入的內容無法危害你的系統安全。<br>
   empty()函式只檢查有沒有值，不會檢查是否為有效值。
   
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'5.12'檢查重複的字
$session_name = $session_txt['5.12'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

$seen = array();
$paragraph ="The ugly lady chased the handsome man";
$paragraph =preg_split("/\s+/",$paragraph);

foreach ($paragraph as $word){
	@$seen [strtolower ($word)]++;
}
$seen = show_array($seen);
print "There were $seen [the] occurrences of the word 'the' <br>";

function get_dupes ($str){
	$str = strtolower ($str);
	$words = preg_split ("/\s+/",$str);
	$seen = array();
	$start_pos = array();
	$i = 0;
	
	foreach ($words as $word){ //取字串的迴圈
	    //二維的陣列，包含單字的位置
		@$seen [$word][$i] = strpos ($str,$word,$start_pos [$word]);
		//指定起始位置以避免重複
		$start_pos [$word] = $seen [$word][$i] +strlen ($word);
		$i++;
	}
	return ($seen);
}
$str = " The The the Hello Truck Hello The the Jester Rye";
echo $str."<br>";
$duplicates = get_dupes ($str);
var_dump ($duplicates); //印出陣列的相關訊息

	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
    var_dump()印出陣列的相關訊息<br>
	strtolower()將字串轉成小寫<br>
    strpos()找出字串首次出現的位置<br>
	strlen()字串的長度
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'5.13'減少輸入的需要
$session_name = $session_txt['5.13'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

function do_function ($option){
	switch ($option){
		case "Sent";
			print "Sent";
			break;
		case "Delete";
			print "Deleted";
			break;
		case "Open Mail";
			print "Mail Opened";
			break;
		case "Read Message";
			print "Message Read";
			break;
		case "Reply-to Message";
			print "Reply-to Message";
			break;
	}
}

$mappings = array ( "S" => "Send",
					"D" => "Delete",
					"R" => "Read Message",
					"T" => "Reply-to message");
					
$input = "do something";
do_function ($mappings [strtoupper (substr ($input,0,1))]);

	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   strtoupper()轉換為大寫<br>
   substr(\$input,0,1)取字串，從0開始，取1個字元
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

程式

//'4.1'使用檔案常數
$session_name = $session_txt['4.1'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

//require_once 'DB.php';

function ferror( $file,
				 $line,
				 $message = 'General Error'){
	$errmsg = "There was an error in script $file,on $line :$message \n";
	error_log($errmsg);
	die ('An error occurred, it has been logged in the system log');
				 }

//$dbh = DB::connect("mysql://user:secret@localhost/dbname");
//if (!$dbh){
	//$dbh = @ferror(__FILE__,__LINE__,sprintf('[%d]:%s'),
	//$dbh->getCode(),$dbh->getMessage());
//}
	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   此函式，它從使用者端接受參數\$file、\$line、和\$message，並<br>
   經過格式美化之後印出，使結果較容易閱讀。我們也為\$message指定<br>
   一個預設值，以便可以忽叫此函式時省略\$message這個參數。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'4.2'PHP的作業系統和版本常數
$session_name = $session_txt['4.2'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

switch (PHP_OS){
	case "WIN32";
		//win32_function();
		break;
	case "Linux";
		//linux_function();
		break;
	case "OS/2";
		//os2_function();
		break;
}

//error_reporting(E_WARNING);
//PHP_OS ="Linux";
if (!defined(PHP_OS)){
	//die ("OS Detection cannot be done automatically");
}
		
	
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   當你想寫出一個大小通吃的程式而又不知道作業系統版本時就很有用。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'4.3'用PHP的錯誤常數設定中斷點
$session_name = $session_txt['4.3'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

error_reporting(E_WARNING);
$line = "The \nQuick \nYoung \nProgrammer \nJumped \nOver \nThe
         \nLazy \nOld \nProgrammer";
$line = ereg_replace ("(\n"," ",$line);//mis-matched parentheses
print $line."<br>";


$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   在程式裡，ereg_replace()，第一個參數的常規表示少了一個小括號<br>
   。通常PHP不會回報這個錯誤，但因為我們透過error_reporting()<br>
   呼叫PHP回報常規表示的錯誤，所以現在就會收到錯誤的回報。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'4.4'定義自己的PHP常數
$session_name = $session_txt['4.4'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

define ("HI","Hello World");
print HI."<br>";

/*
function four (){
	return 4;
}
define ("HI","four()");
print HI;
*/

if (!defined ("FIVE"))
	@defined ("FIVE","five");
else
	return;

print FIVE;



$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   此程式用defined()函式定義HI為Hello World。
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

/'4.5'PHP的全域變數
$session_name = $session_txt['4.5'];
echo $session_name."<br>";
unset ($message);

reset ($GLOBALS);
while (list($key,$var) = each ($GLOBALS)){
	print "$key =>$var \n<br>\n";
}



$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
  此範例使用PHP的list()和each()函式來處理\$GLOBALS陣列。
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

程式

//'3.1'陣列宣告
$session_name = $session_txt['3.1'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   我們用到serialize()函式，它會以字串形式傳回某一變數內容，並
   將該字串寫入檔案。在load_data()函式中，我們用implode()和file
   ()將檔案中代表變數的內容字串讀出，並放到\$data變數內。再用
   unserialize()函式將資料轉回原來的變數並傳回來。
<br>
</fieldset>
";

//'3.2' 印出陣列內容
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.2'];
echo $session_name."<br>";


$list = array ("Emily","Jesse","Franklin","Chris");
print substr (implode (',',$list),0);



$i = 0;
while ($i <count($list)){
	print $list[$i++]."<br>";
}
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   implode()函式會在每個陣列元素後插入逗號，並傳回一個字串，
   接著我們用substr()函式去除逗號。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.3' 除去相同的陣列元素
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.3'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

//$unique = array_unique ($dupllicates);

$n_array = array (1 =>"<br>//'3.1'陣列宣告",
		   2 =>"<br>//'3.2' 印出陣列內容",
		   3 =>"<br>//'3.3' 除去相同的陣列元素"
			);
foreach ($n_array as  $element){
	
	if (@$tstarray [$element] <3){
		array_push ($n_array,$element);
		@$tstarray [$element]++;
	}
}

$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   你想取出陣列中唯一的元素，並去除相同的 array_unique()<br>
   另外會出現 Undifine index Undefined variable 對於<br>
   \$tstarray變數，加上@在\$tstarray前方，就不會出現。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.4' 擴大或縮小陣列
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.4'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

$list = array ("dog","cat","rabbit","ant","horse","cow");
array_splice ($list,5);

foreach ($list  as $key => $value){
      
	  echo "{$key}: =>{$value} <br>"; //方法一
	 
}

for ($i=0; $i<=count($list);$i++){
	
		  echo @$list[$i]."<br>";   //方法二

}
$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
  縮小陣列的大小，本來是50個(PHP4)，用array_splice()，去切
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.5' 合併陣列
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.5'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

$good_guys =array ("Gandalf","Radagast","Sarauman");
$bad_guys =array ("Nazgul","Sauron","Orcs");

//$all_guys = array_merge ($good_guys,$bad_guys);
$all_guys = array_merge_recursive ($good_guys,$bad_guys);
//$all_guys = $good_guys + $bad_guys; 使用+不行


$good_guys = show_array($good_guys);
$bad_guys = show_array($bad_guys);
$all_guys = show_array($all_guys);

$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
  使用array_merge()去合併多個陣列，用array_merge_recursive()也可以。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.6' 反覆處理陣列元素
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.6'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

function ascii_codes (&$element){
	$element = ord ($element);
}

$nice_line ="What Up everyone ";
$chars = preg_split ("//",$nice_line);
array_walk ($chars,'ascii_codes');

show_array($chars);

function ascii_codes1 (&$element1){
	$element1 = ord ($element1);
}

$nice_line1 ="What Up everyone ";
$chars1 = preg_split ("//",$nice_line1);
for ($i = 0; $i < count ($chars1); $i++){
	$chars1 [$i ] = ascii_codes1($chars1[$i]);
}
//array_walk ($chars1,'ascii_codes1');
//show_array($chars1);

$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
   array_walk()，參數 (變數,'函數')。空白的ascii_code=32<br>
   這邊較留意的是變數前加&符號，稱為以指標傳遞。<br>
   不過有個要注意的是，使用物件時，此時應該永遠以指標傳遞。
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.7' 存取陣列內不同區域
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.7'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
    array_slice(變數,n,n)，例如array_slice(\$mash_cast,2,2)<br>
	取變數\$mash_cast，第三個取兩個
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";


//'3.11'隨機排列陣列中的元素 
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.11'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

srand ((double)microtime()*1000000);
$some_array = range(1,52);
shuffle($some_array);
echo $some_array[0]."<br>";


$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
    使用shuffle()函式,隨機改變次序
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";

//'3.13'陣列排序 
unset ($message); //清空
unset ($session_name);
$session_name = $session_txt['3.13'];
echo $session_name."<br>";

function cmp_debt ($a,$b){
	if ($a [1] == $b[1]) return 0;
	return ($b [1] >> $a [1]) ? 1 : -1;
}

$buddy_debts = array(array ("John",31),
				     array ("Dave",12),
					 array ("Kris",15),
					 array ("Werner",38),
					 array ("Phil",9));
usort ($buddy_debts,'cmp_debt');
foreach ($buddy_debts as $buddy_debt){
	print $buddy_debt [0]."Owes".$buddy_debt [1];
	print "<br>";
}


$message="
<fieldset><legend><font color=red>TIPS</font></legend>
    usort()函式接受一個陣列，並以使用者自訂的函式來排列
<br>
</fieldset>
";
echo $message."<br>";